Direct Acting (-S9)

Direct acting mutagens do not require the use of S9 metabolic activation to cause mutagenicity.

2-Nitroflourene (CAS#607-57-8)

4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO; CAS# 56-57-5)

9-aminoacridine-HCL (CAS# 52417-22-8)

Daunomycin (CAS# 20830-81-3)

Ethyl methane-sulfonate (EMS; CAS# 62-50-0)

ICR 191 (CAS# 17070-45-0)

Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; CAS# 66-27-3)

Mitomycin C (CAS# 1404-00-8)

N4-Aminocytidine (CAS# 57294-74-3)

Sodium Azide (CAS# 26628-22-8)